Growth factors regulate proteinase activated receptor – 2 (PAR-2) on airway epithelium
نویسندگان
چکیده
Background Many aeroallergens activate PAR-2 receptors on the airway epithelium. We have shown that PAR-2 activation participates in allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation in animal models of asthma. Moreover, PAR-2 is upregulated on the airway epithelium of asthmatics, but the mechanisms and factors responsible are unknown. As asthmatic airways are under various types of physiological stress, we hypothesized that cellular stress upregulates PAR-2 on airway epithelium and this upregulation is functional.
منابع مشابه
Regulation of Proteinase Activated Receptor-2 on airway epithelium
Background The prevalence of allergic asthma has increased dramatically over the last 20 years. Environmental allergens such as house dust mites (HDM), cockroach, fungi and pollens are major asthma triggers. Recent studies indicate that the serine proteinase activity of these allergens is an important factor contributing to their ability to induce airway inflammation. Allergen serine proteinase...
متن کاملAlternaria fungus induces the production of GM-CSF, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and calcium signaling in human airway epithelium through protease-activated receptor 2.
RATIONALE Recent studies suggest that host immune responses to environmental fungi may play an important role in the development of allergic diseases, such as human asthma. Epithelium is considered an active participant in allergic inflammation. We previously reported that aspartate protease from Alternaria induces the activation and degranulation of human eosinophils that are mediated through ...
متن کاملApical and basolateral pools of proteinase-activated receptor-2 direct distinct signaling events in the intestinal epithelium.
Studies suggest that there are two distinct pools of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR₂) present in intestinal epithelial cells: an apical pool accessible from the lumen, and a basolateral pool accessible from the interstitial space and blood. Although introduction of PAR₂ agonists such as 2-furoyl-LIGRL-O-NH₂ (2fAP) to the intestinal lumen can activate PAR₂, the presence of accessible apica...
متن کاملActivation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 stimulates soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 release via epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation in endothelial cells.
The proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) expression is increased in endothelial cells derived from women with preeclampsia, characterized by widespread maternal endothelial damage, which occurs as a consequence of elevated soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1; commonly known as sFlt-1) in the maternal circulation. Because PAR-2 is upregulated by proinflammatory cyt...
متن کاملThe protease-activated receptor-2 upregulates keratinocyte phagocytosis.
The protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) belongs to the family of seven transmembrane domain receptors, which are activated by the specific enzymatic cleavage of their extracellular amino termini. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the tethered ligand domain (SLIGRL in mouse, SLIGKV in human) can activate PAR-2 without the need for receptor cleavage. PAR-2 activation is involved in cell growt...
متن کامل